Santo Stefano Rotondo

Basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo al Celio – 5th century, Rome Italy

Santo Stefano Rotondo is a historic basilica located on the Caelian Hill (Celio) in Rome, Italy. It is also known as the Basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo al Celio. The basilica is one of the oldest churches in Rome and has a unique circular design, making it stand out among the city’s more traditional basilicas and churches.

History

The origins of the basilica date back to the 5th century, during the reign of Pope Simplicio (468-483 AD). The original structure is believed to have been built on the site of a former Roman military barracks. The basilica was dedicated to Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

Architectural features

Santo Stefano Rotondo is renowned for its circular plan, which makes it one of the oldest and best preserved examples of a circular church in Rome. The circular design of the church was probably inspired by circular Roman buildings, such as the Pantheon. The interior of the basilica has a circular central nave surrounded by an ambulatory. Along the walls of the ambulatory there are numerous frescoes depicting scenes of martyrdom. These paintings are significant because they provide valuable information about early Christian art and iconography.

Restorations

Over the centuries the basilica has undergone several restorations and renovations. In particular, in the 16th century, it was restored by Pope Gregory XIII, and in the 19th century it underwent a further restoration under Pope Pius IX. Despite these renovations, Santo Stefano Rotondo retains its unique circular design and historical significance.

Santo Stefano Rotondo is an extraordinary landmark, contributing to Rome’s rich cultural and historical heritage.