Greek Architectures

The major works of Greek architecture

Greek architecture is characterized by a distinctive elegance and symmetry, greatly influencing the development of Western architecture. Divided into three main styles, Doric, Ionic and Corinthian, Greek architecture was predominantly used for the construction of temples, theaters and other public structures. Here is a brief summary of the main elements of Greek architecture:

1. Architectural orders:
   • Doric: Characterized by massive and sober columns, without a base, and with a simple capital with triglyphs and metopes.
   • Ionic: Ionic columns are more slender and thinner, with a base and a capital decorated with volutes.
   • Corinthian: Similar to the Ionic order, but with a more elaborate capital, decorated with acanthus leaves.
2. Column entasis: Greek columns have a slight bulge towards the center (entasis), compensating for the optical illusion of concavity.
3. Pediments and tympanums: Greek temples feature decorated triangular pediments, known as tympanums, with sculptures depicting mythological scenes or religious symbols.
4. Entablature: The horizontal part above the columns is called the entablature and includes the architrave, frieze and cornice.
5. Symmetry and proportions: Greek architecture is characterized by rigorous symmetry and mathematical proportions, often based on the golden ratio.
6. Open spaces: Greek buildings favored open and harmonious spaces, such as porticoes and colonnades, which allowed a fusion between the building and its surroundings.
7. Theaters: Greek theaters, such as the Theater of Epidaurus, were built to maximize acoustics and visibility for the audience.

Greek architecture has had a lasting impact on architectural history, influencing subsequent styles and remaining a source of inspiration for many generations of architects.